Performance Analysis of Optimal Path Finding Algorithm In Wireless Mesh Network

Wireless Mesh Network has emerged as a key technology for next generation wireless networking because of its advantage over other wireless technologies. Wireless Mesh Network has been widely accepted as a replacement for areas of ad-hoc network or MANET. Multi hop wireless mesh technology has become a new paradigm for communication. Wireless Mesh Network is an attractive solution for providing last-mile connectivity. ...

Tryon's conjecture and Energy and momentum of Bianchi Type Universes

The energy and momentum of the Bianchi type $III$ universes are obtained using different prescriptions for the energy-momentum complexes in the framework of General Relativity. The energy and momentum of the Bianchi $III$ universe is found to be zero for the M\o{}ller prescription. For all other prescriptions the energy and momentum vanish when the metric parameter $h$ vanishes. In an earlier work, Tripathy et al. \cite{SKT15} have obtained the energy and momentum of Bianchi $VI_h$ metric and found that the energy of the Universe vanish only for $h=-1$. This result raised a question: why this specific choice?. We explored the Tryon's conjecture that 'the Universe must have a zero net value for all conserved quantities' to get some ideas on the specific values of this parameter for Bianchi type Universes.Comment: 17 page

Post-partum psychosis: socio-demographic and obstetric profile

Background: Better knowledge of socio-demographic profile and obstetric features may help in early identification and treatment of patients with post-partum psychosis. The aim of present research is to study the age, parity, socio-demographic and obstetric and menstrual profile of patients suffering from post-partum psychosis. Setting and Design: A cross-sectional study at in-patient department of psychiatry, SS Medical College and associated SGMH Rewa.Methods: The study was conducted on sixty patients of post-partum psychosis admitted in psychiatry ward. Detailed socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric and menstrual profile along with psychiatric assessment were recorded in proforma specially designed for the study.Results: Bulk of our post partum psychotic subjects (60%) were in the age range of 18-25 years with 83.33% of women were residing at rural areas. Most of subjects (76.67%) of post partum psychosis were illiterate. 73.33% patient were belonging to low socio-economic status and remaining to middle and high socioeconomic status. Majority of subjects (13.33%) were house wife (86.67%) followed by laborer class. Family jointness reveal 80% and 20% of subjects trailed from joint and nuclear family respectively. the maximum number of subjects (60%) were primipara with only 13.33% of subjects had history of obstetric complication in form of prolonged labour and post-partum heamorrhage. 25% subjects had cesarean delivery. 40% patients of puerperal psychosis were having menstrual irregularity and 60% had regular menstruation.Conclusions: Screening of vulnerable groups i.e. younger age, primipara, history of irregular menstruation in post partum period for psychiatric sign and symptoms is requisite for early diagnosis and prompt and adequate management. As most of the patients were from rural areas it is necessary to establish psychiatric services in rural areas as well so that this group of population can be provided holistic care along with already existing medical services

A peep into the Plant miRNA world

microRNAs constitute a major class of the small regulatory molecules that are involved in regulating the intrinsic normal growth of cells and development of organisms as well as in maintaining the integrity of genomes. The plant miRNA research gained momentum, 2002 onwards with identification of new miRNA molecules and their targets. This was accompanied by the discovery of plant homologs of proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis, including a new member SERRATE. The identification of several diverging and converging functions of miRNAs indicate that they play versatile roles in regulating cell differentiation and tissue development. This article provides an update on the conservation and identification of plant miRNAs. The classical miRNA biogenesis pathway and the associated proteins are discussed along with the emerging concept on the processing of miRNA-encoding introns (mirtrons). It also contains a concise account of plant miRNA targets and functions with focus on the recent successful attempt on engineering synthetic miRNAs to study gene function as well as to impart virus resistance in plants

Habitat Characterization and Fish Community Structure in the River Ghaghara, India

Habitat characterization, water quality assessment and freshwater fish diversity investigation of Ghaghara River flowing in Uttar Pradesh, India was carried out. River water was clear except at site S5 with pebbly and sandy substrate. The mean water quality of study sites was found to have pH 7.8, water temperature 25.8°C, dissolved oxygen 5.4 mg/l, total hardness 212 mg/l, alkalinity 179 mg/l (as CaCO3), Turbidity 16.9 NTU, NO3 1.7 mg/l, NO2 0.04 mg/l, ammonia 0.3 mg/l and conductivity 390.2 μS/cm. Altogether 62 fish species were recorded during the study. We used principal component analyses (PCA) to determine the influence of environmental conditions on species occurrences and assemblage characteristics. The MANOVA on habitat parameters showed a difference in habitat structure among the sampling sites. Our results suggest the significance of local environment influences on the fishes of conservation importance and their assemblage distinctiveness in an unimpacted river and provide a framework and reference conditions to maintain restoration efforts of relatively altered fish habitats in tropical rivers of India

Glimpses of women’s lives in rural Bihar: impact of male migration

Bihar has a rich history of out-migration from the state, which goes back to as early as the nilieteenth century. However, during the last few decades, migration for work has increased manifold. The sheer scale of out-migration in contemporary Bihar is astounding. At any given point of time, as many as nearly one-half of the total number of working men are absent from the state, as they are working elsewhere in urban and rural centres in the country and abroad. Migration from the state is almost exclusively that of the male population and is embedded in the lives ana life choices of the people. It is not just a livelihood strategy but a way of life in rural Bihar. While there is considera_ble research on various aspects of migration including the nature and pattern of/nigrationfrom Bihar, the profile of migrant workers, migration destinations and other such correlates of a migrant's life outside the village, there is sparse literature on the impact of this migration on people, especially on the women who are left behind in the village. Many research questions remain unanswered. How are institutions such as patriarchy in the village affected by male_migration? How does male migration influence women's well-being and agency? Does migration have an effect on women's mobility? Does it empower or disempower the women who are left behind? What role does technology such as mobile phones play in enabling those left behind to communicate with their migrant family members? What impact does this have on the women left behind in the villages

Pharmacovigilance study in medicine department in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are major worldwide public health problem. Proper reporting of an ADR is very important as it reduces number of deaths due to ADR and extra financial burden on patients. The aim of the study was to assess the pattern of ADR reporting in outpatients and inpatients of medicine department and to assess their causality, severity and preventability.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done from April 2013 to June 2014 or in 100 consecutive study subjects (which ever happen first) with ADRs in department of medicine. The clinical pattern, spectrum of ADRs reported and assessment of ADRs in terms of causality, severity and preventability .The causality, severity and preventability assessment was done on the basis of applying various scales for each of them.Results: A total of 153 suspected ADRs were reported and evaluated from 100 patients. Dermatological system (28%) was most commonly involved. Drug class most commonly associated was Antimicrobials (51%). 68% ADRs were classified as “Probable” in view of causality, while 68% were found to be “Moderate” in case of severity. In 65% of the cases the ADRs was “Probably Preventable”. In majority of the cases the suspected drug was withdrawn and alternate therapy was instituted. Most patients recovered from the ADR.70% of these ADR was Type A.Conclusions: Awareness about ADR reporting is still poor amongst healthcare professionals in India. Conducting regular training programmes can improve the number of ADR reporting

Out-of-time-order correlation and detection of phase structure in Floquet transverse Ising spin system

We study the out-of-time-order correlation (OTOC) of the Floquet transverse Ising model and use it to verify the phase diagram of the system. First, we present the exact analytical solution of the transverse magnetization OTOC using the Jorden-Wigner transformation. In order to get the phase structure of the Floquet transverse Ising system, we use the longitudinal magnetization OTOC as it is known to serve as an order parameter of the system. We show the phase structure numerically in the transverse Ising Floquet system by using the long time average of the longitudinal magnetization OTOC. In both the open and the closed chain systems, we find distinct phases out of which two are paramagnetic (0-paramagnetic and $\pi$-paramagnetic), and two are ferromagnetic (0-ferromagnetic and $\pi$-ferromagnetic) as defined in the literature.Comment: 9 Pages, 7 Figure

Plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) values and cortisol response to 250 and 1 μ g ACTH stimulation in patients with hyperthyroidism before and after carbimazole therapy: Case-control comparative study

Context: Although the production and metabolic clearance rate of cortisol is increased during thyrotoxic state, the net effect on adrenocortical reserves is not clear. Objective: We assessed circulating ACTH levels, cortisol binding globulin (CBG), and adrenocortical reserves in hyperthyroid patients (before and after carbimazole therapy) and healthy controls. Design and Setting: This was a case-control investigative study in a tertiary care setting. Patients and Methods: Plasma ACTH and free cortisol index (FCI; serum cortisol/CBG) were measured in 49 consecutive patients with hyperthyroidism and 50 controls. ACTH1-24 stimulation tests (250 and 1 μ g) were carried out in the first 29 patients and 15 controls. Peak FCI less than the mean -3 SD of healthy controls was considered subnormal. ACTH1-24 stimulation tests were repeated in 24 patients in the euthyroid state. Results: The mean basal plasma ACTH and FCI were higher and CBG was lower in thyrotoxic patients in comparison with controls. The peak cortisol was less than 18 μ g/dl in 10 of 29 and 14 of 29 on 250 and 1 μ g ACTH1-24 stimulation. Peak FCI was subnormal only in three of 27 (11.1%) and two of 21 (7.4%) on 250 and 1 μg ACTH1-24 stimulation, respectively. The mean plasma ACTH, basal FCI, and subnormal peak FCI (two of the three) normalized after euthyroidism. Plasma ACTH and FCI did not correlate with severity of thyrotoxicosis. Conclusions: Up to 11% of thyrotoxics have subnormal peak FCI on ACTH1-24 stimulation. Such changes occur despite high basal plasma ACTH and FCI. Use of FCI, rather than total cortisol, is required for the interpretation of cortisol values in thyrotoxicosis due to the variation in CBG